You can figure it out your self with some knowledge how the systemcalls being used in Linux.
You can use strace for example like this.
strace -e openat gnome-terminal 2>&1 | grep -v 'ENOENT' | grep conf
Explanation of that line.
1. Run strace.
2. Just watch the openat systemcall.
3. Run gnome-terminal.
4. Put standard error to standard in because strace puts it output to standard error.
5. Pipe strace output to grep.
6. Grep revers of the 'ENOENT' to get what files being loaded, not the files that get not found.
7. Pipe to grep.
8. Grep for conf like config.
What I can see is that gnome-terminal uses dconf to store it's config in my system you can list the settings like this:
dconf dump /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/