The two commands you list are correct for your hardware and alsa.
The output you got from the speaker-test command indicates that your analogue sound is working, but muted - that is why I made the two suggestions for alsamixer.
Using xfce is unlikely to help with your problem.
If you would like to try pulseaudio, you can use the following commands: $ tce-load -i graphics-4.19.10-tinycore64 alsa-config Xorg-7.7 xf86-video-ati firmware-radeon flwm wbar aterm alsa pavucontrol
$ sudo /usr/local/etc/init.d/dbus start
$ startx
Then double-click on the pavucontrol icon, which will start pulseaudio.
You can then use, for example, xmms-pulse to play an audio file to test your setup.