Here are some important things to consider..
1. Logically and most importantly, a Virtual Machine has to be loaded into memory from non volatile storage, otherwise the software does not exist after a shutdown and reboot.
if you disconnect every Hard Disk Drive, SSD and mSATA device then there is nowhere a VM can be loaded from. ASUS motherboards come with all kinds of mSATA and variant types of additional storage devices.
To learn more about mini SSD's look here
https://rog.asus.com/articles/hands-on/easy-guide-to-ssds-sata-msata-m-2-and-u-2/ Have you really disconnected all these devices and tried to boot only the tinycore cd?? I believe you've missed something, a device still connected..
2. Only thing I noticed is the partition within a partition, how you managed that I don't know.. sdb1p1 is a mistake which needs fixing.
Is sdb1p1 a USB thumb drive? or a motherboard mSATA storage device like M.2 ? secure-erase.tcz extension will definitely erase the Samsung SSD, however it may not have access to the mSATA or variant device to command a secure erase.
gparted.tcz extension will also remove any partition tables form any device it recognizes.
Note: when using the command line it's easy to make a mistake. if using fdisk to create a partitions use
fdisk /dev/sdb
not fdisk /dev/sdb1
gparted has a graphical user interface which makes things easier
and remember: when working with SSD's, mSATA devices, USB thumb drives, etc etc. stay away from any utility option that writes Zero's to the drive. zero's are for the dinosaur hard disk drives.