Ah, Paul_123 and Juanito, thanks for your replies, I've got a better picture of how it all fits together now!
There is an incompatibility between PiDP11 and PiCore 15.x that appears to originate in libtirpc. In the code that comes with 16.x, the same call is made from libtirpc: in getclnthandle(), getaddrinfo() is called to get the address for the sunrpc service from rpcbind. In /etc/services, the port for sunrpc (111) is listed as "rpcbind" rather than "sunrpc", causing the lookup to fail. I wanted to verify that libtirpc actually uses that name (it does, just checked). As a datapoint, Ubuntu 24.04 has port 111 in its /etc/services are "sunrpc", so there is precedence for continuing to use the old name like libtirpc does.
The "sunrpc" name is hardcoded in libtirpc, so it's not a simple matter of adding a compile to flag to the libtirpc build to use the new name for the rpcbind port.
The easiest fix is to duplicate the two "rpcbind" lines in /etc/services so that "sunrpc" refers to the same port, and the port can be addressed by its old as wel as its new name.