Locally no problem for me either. Just media > network stream > paste youtube URL > press play no work.
Here's the output upon VLC startup and after attempting to stream known working youtube URL:
tc@box:~$ vlc --verbose 2
VLC media player 2.2.1 Terry Pratchett (Weatherwax) (revision 2.2.1-0-ga425c42)
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: VLC media player - 2.2.1 Terry Pratchett (Weatherwax)
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: Copyright © 1996-2015 the VideoLAN team
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: revision 2.2.1-0-ga425c42
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: configured with ./configure '-prefix=/usr/local' '--disable-static' '--disable-lua' '--disable-a52' 'CC=gcc -march=i486 -mtune=i686 -Os -pipe' 'CXX=g++ -march=i486 -mtune=i686 -Os -pipe'
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: searching plug-in modules
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: loading plugins cache file /tmp/tcloop/vlc/usr/local/lib/vlc/plugins/plugins.dat
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: recursively browsing `/tmp/tcloop/vlc/usr/local/lib/vlc/plugins'
[098dc8f8] core libvlc warning: cannot load module `/tmp/tcloop/vlc/usr/local/lib/vlc/plugins/codec/libvaapi_drm_plugin.so' (libva-drm.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)
[098dc8f8] core libvlc warning: cannot load module `/tmp/tcloop/vlc/usr/local/lib/vlc/plugins/codec/libvaapi_x11_plugin.so' (libva-x11.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)
[098dc8f8] core libvlc warning: cannot load module `/tmp/tcloop/vlc/usr/local/lib/vlc/plugins/codec/libx264_plugin.so' (libx264.so.85: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: saving plugins cache /tmp/tcloop/vlc/usr/local/lib/vlc/plugins/plugins.dat
[098dc8f8] core libvlc warning: cannot create /tmp/tcloop/vlc/usr/local/lib/vlc/plugins/plugins.dat.9575: Read-only file system
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: plug-ins loaded: 397 modules
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: opening config file (/home/tc/.config/vlc/vlcrc)
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: translation test: code is "C"
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: CPU has capabilities MMX FPU
[09953928] core input debug: Creating an input for 'Media Library'
[09953928] core input debug: Input is a meta file: disabling unneeded options
[09953928] core input debug: using timeshift granularity of 50 MiB, in path '/tmp'
[09953928] core input debug: `file/xspf-open:///home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf' gives access `file' demux `xspf-open' path `/home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf'
[09953928] core input debug: creating demux: access='file' demux='xspf-open' location='/home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf' file='/home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf'
[09a12688] core demux debug: looking for access_demux module matching "file": 13 candidates
[09a12688] core demux debug: no access_demux modules matched
[09953928] core input debug: creating access 'file' location='/home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf', path='/home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf'
[09a12688] core access debug: looking for access module matching "file": 18 candidates
[09a12688] filesystem access debug: opening file `/home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf'
[09a12688] core access debug: using access module "filesystem"
[09a115d8] core stream debug: Using stream method for AStream*
[09a115d8] core stream debug: starting pre-buffering
[09a115d8] core stream debug: received first data after 0 ms
[09a115d8] core stream debug: pre-buffering done 296 bytes in 0s - 266 KiB/s
[09a11a60] core stream debug: looking for stream_filter module matching "any": 9 candidates
[09a11a60] core stream debug: no stream_filter modules matched
[09a11a60] core stream debug: looking for stream_filter module matching "record": 9 candidates
[09a11a60] core stream debug: using stream_filter module "record"
[09953928] core input debug: creating demux: access='file' demux='xspf-open' location='/home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf' file='/home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf'
[098fb9e8] core demux debug: looking for demux module matching "xspf-open": 57 candidates
[098fb9e8] xspf demux debug: using XSPF playlist reader
[098fb9e8] core demux debug: using demux module "playlist"
[09953f28] core demux meta debug: looking for meta reader module matching "any": 0 candidates
[09953f28] core demux meta debug: no meta reader modules
[09953928] core input debug: `file/xspf-open:///home/tc/.local/share/vlc/ml.xspf' successfully opened
[09953f28] core xml reader debug: looking for xml reader module matching "any": 1 candidates
[09953f28] core xml reader debug: using xml reader module "xml"
[098fb9e8] xspf demux debug: parsed 0 tracks successfully
[09953928] core input debug: EOF reached
[098fb9e8] core demux debug: removing module "playlist"
[09a11a60] core stream debug: removing module "record"
[09a12688] core access debug: removing module "filesystem"
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: creating audio output
[09959ba0] core audio output debug: looking for audio output module matching "any": 5 candidates
[09959ba0] pulse audio output debug: using library version 4.0.0
[09959ba0] pulse audio output debug: (compiled with version 4.0.0, protocol 28)
[09959ba0] pulse audio output error: PulseAudio server connection failure: Connection refused
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Available ALSA PCM devices:
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture) (null)
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Intel 82801AA-ICH, Intel 82801AA-ICH Default Audio Device (default:CARD=I82801AAICH)
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Intel 82801AA-ICH, Intel 82801AA-ICH Default Audio Device (sysdefault:CARD=I82801AAICH)
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Intel 82801AA-ICH, Intel 82801AA-ICH Front speakers (front:CARD=I82801AAICH,DEV=0)
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Intel 82801AA-ICH, Intel 82801AA-ICH 2.1 Surround output to Front and Subwoofer speakers (surround21:CARD=I82801AAICH,DEV=0)
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Intel 82801AA-ICH, Intel 82801AA-ICH 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers (surround40:CARD=I82801AAICH,DEV=0)
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Intel 82801AA-ICH, Intel 82801AA-ICH 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers (surround41:CARD=I82801AAICH,DEV=0)
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Intel 82801AA-ICH, Intel 82801AA-ICH 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers (surround50:CARD=I82801AAICH,DEV=0)
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Intel 82801AA-ICH, Intel 82801AA-ICH 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers (surround51:CARD=I82801AAICH,DEV=0)
[09959ba0] alsa audio output debug: Intel 82801AA-ICH, Intel 82801AA-ICH IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output (iec958:CARD=I82801AAICH,DEV=0)
[09959ba0] core audio output debug: using audio output module "alsa"
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: keeping audio output
[09961050] core interface debug: looking for interface module matching "hotkeys,none": 13 candidates
[09961050] core interface debug: using interface module "hotkeys"
[09a115b0] core interface debug: looking for interface module matching "globalhotkeys,none": 13 candidates
[09a115b0] core interface debug: using interface module "xcb_hotkeys"
[099569d8] core interface debug: looking for interface module matching "dbus,none": 13 candidates
[099569d8] dbus interface debug: listening on dbus as: org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.vlc
[099569d8] core interface debug: using interface module "dbus"
[098dc8f8] core libvlc: Running vlc with the default interface. Use 'cvlc' to use vlc without interface.
[098ec7a8] core interface debug: looking for interface module matching "any": 13 candidates
[b5398a60] core generic debug: looking for extension module matching "any": 0 candidates
[b5398a60] core generic debug: no extension modules
[098ec7a8] qt4 interface error: Unable to load extensions module
[098ec7a8] core interface debug: using interface module "qt4"
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: adding item `https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE' ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE )
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: processing request item: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE, node: null, skip: 0
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: rebuilding array of current - root Playlist
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: rebuild done - 1 items, index 0
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: starting playback of the new playlist item
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: resyncing on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE is at 0
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: creating new input thread
[b3300508] core input debug: Creating an input for 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE'
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: requesting art for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[b3300508] core input debug: using timeshift granularity of 50 MiB, in path '/tmp'
[b3300508] core input debug: `https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE' gives access `https' demux `' path `www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE'
[b3300508] core input debug: specified demux `any'
[b3300508] core input debug: creating demux: access='https' demux='any' location='www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE' file='(null)'
[098ec608] core demux debug: looking for access_demux module matching "https": 13 candidates
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: meta ok for (null), need to fetch art
[b53e4c68] core art finder debug: looking for meta fetcher module matching "any": 0 candidates
[b53e4c68] core art finder debug: no meta fetcher modules
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: searching art for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[b35016c0] core art finder debug: looking for art finder module matching "any": 1 candidates
[b35016c0] core art finder debug: no art finder modules matched
[098ec608] core demux debug: no access_demux modules matched
[b3300508] core input debug: creating access 'https' location='www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE', path='(null)'
[098ec608] core access debug: looking for access module matching "https": 18 candidates
[09a12510] core art finder debug: looking for meta fetcher module matching "any": 0 candidates
[09a12510] core art finder debug: no meta fetcher modules
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: searching art for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[09a12510] core art finder debug: looking for art finder module matching "any": 1 candidates
[09a12510] core art finder debug: no art finder modules matched
[b35016c0] core art finder debug: looking for meta fetcher module matching "any": 0 candidates
[b35016c0] core art finder debug: no meta fetcher modules
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: searching art for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[b35016c0] core art finder debug: looking for art finder module matching "any": 1 candidates
[b35016c0] core art finder debug: no art finder modules matched
[098dc8f8] core libvlc debug: art not found for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[09a12510] core art finder debug: looking for meta fetcher module matching "any": 0 candidates
[09a12510] core art finder debug: no meta fetcher modules
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: searching art for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[09a12510] core art finder debug: looking for art finder module matching "any": 1 candidates
[09955ea8] core tls client debug: looking for tls client module matching "any": 1 candidates
[09a12510] core art finder debug: no art finder modules matched
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: art not found for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[098ec7a8] qt4 interface debug: IM: Setting an input
[09955ea8] gnutls tls client debug: using GnuTLS version 3.0.30
[09955ea8] gnutls tls client debug: loaded 159 trusted CAs
[09955ea8] core tls client debug: using tls client module "gnutls"
[098ec608] http access debug: querying proxy for https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[098ec608] http access debug: no proxy
[098ec608] http access debug: http: server='www.youtube.com' port=443 file='/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE'
[098ec608] core access debug: net: connecting to www.youtube.com port 443
[098ec608] core access debug: connection succeeded (socket = 12)
[09d4d8c8] gnutls tls session debug: TLS handshake: Resource temporarily unavailable, try again.
[09d4d8c8] gnutls tls session debug: TLS handshake: Resource temporarily unavailable, try again.
[09d4d8c8] gnutls tls session debug: TLS handshake: Resource temporarily unavailable, try again.
[09d4d8c8] gnutls tls session debug: TLS handshake: Success.
[09d4d8c8] gnutls tls session debug: 3 certificate(s) in the list
[098ec608] http access debug: protocol 'HTTP' answer code 200
[098ec608] http access debug: Server: gwiseguy/2.0
[098ec608] http access debug: Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
[098ec608] http access debug: Transfer-Encoding: chunked
[098ec608] http access debug: Accepting Cookie: YSC=oGNmXDeTyG8; path=/; domain=.youtube.com; httponly
[098ec608] http access debug: Accepting Cookie: VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE=oianjzci3hY; path=/; domain=.youtube.com; expires=Sat, 19-Mar-2016 20:19:24 GMT; httponly
[098ec608] http access debug: Accepting Cookie: PREF=f1=40000000; path=/; domain=.youtube.com; expires=Sat, 19-Mar-2016 20:19:24 GMT
[098ec608] http access debug: Connection: close
[098ec608] core access debug: using access module "http"
[099115e0] core stream debug: Using stream method for AStream*
[099115e0] core stream debug: starting pre-buffering
[099115e0] core stream debug: received first data after 0 ms
[099115e0] core stream debug: pre-buffering done 559 bytes in 0s - 4402 KiB/s
[09d4e738] core stream debug: looking for stream_filter module matching "any": 9 candidates
[09d4e738] core stream debug: no stream_filter modules matched
[09d4e738] core stream debug: looking for stream_filter module matching "record": 9 candidates
[09d4e738] core stream debug: using stream_filter module "record"
[b3300508] core input debug: creating demux: access='https' demux='any' location='www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE' file='(null)'
[09d4e858] core demux debug: looking for demux module matching "any": 57 candidates
[09d4e858] avformat demux debug: trying url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE
[09d4e858] avformat demux debug: CPU flags: 0x0100100b
[09d4e858] avformat demux debug: couldn't guess format
[09d4e858] vobsub demux debug: this doesn't seem to be a vobsub file
[09d4e858] ps demux warning: this does not look like an MPEG PS stream, continuing anyway
[09d4e858] core demux debug: using demux module "ps"
[09a31520] core demux meta debug: looking for meta reader module matching "any": 0 candidates
[09a31520] core demux meta debug: no meta reader modules
[b3300508] core input debug: `https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jtzu9Vgb_zE' successfully opened
[09d4e858] ps demux warning: garbage at input, trying to resync...
[b3300508] core input debug: EOF reached
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: finished input
[098ec608] core access debug: object waitpipe triggered
[09d4e858] core demux debug: removing module "ps"
[09d4e738] core stream debug: removing module "record"
[098ec608] core access debug: removing module "http"
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: dead input
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: changing item without a request (current 0/1)
[09a0ee38] core playlist debug: nothing to play
[098ec7a8] qt4 interface debug: IM: Deleting the input