1) Only allow highly trusted systems (your mail filter system) to send from your IP range. Block others by default at your firewall.
2) Filter outbound email to prevent a compromised account from spamming.
For many years, the network I work with had #1. During a migration to a new mail filter (as a separate appliance, utilized by the mail system as a smart host), outbound filtering was never turned back on. When 1 account was compromised, it generated over 100k messages in around 8 hours, quadruple the typical weekly volume. I checked various blacklists and found nothoing. Days later I hear that 1 domain blacklisted our system which was easy to resolve (submit request and unblocked within ~4 hours).